Early Colonial Period Briefly Explain One Major

I must answer the question in detail based on these two documents:

“Throughout the early period of colonization, there was continuing tension between hope that the environment might meet English expectations and requirements and accommodation by the English settlers to the environment actually encountered. The steady accumulation and assimilation of facts about the climate of eastern North America threatened the classical concept of climates — the belief that climate is constant in any latitude around the world. Yet colonists and promoters struggled to adapt the old concept to fit new evidence. … Newfoundland came to be rejected for colonization, although its importance as a fishing ground continued. New England was finally perceived as a rough country where settlement was possible. … In the early seventeenth-century southern mainland colonies, settlers continued to base their expectations on latitude and to hope they could eventually produce commodities comparable to those England imported from southern Europe.”

Karen Kupperman, “The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period,” American Historical Review 87 (1982): 1288–1289.

“Summer and winter, rain and snow, ceased to come predictably in the Southwest somewhat earlier than elsewhere in the northern hemisphere. … [D]ense populations had been living at the edge of the land’s agricultural carrying capacity. … Perhaps the extraordinary religious fervor, political capital and material resources devoted to agricultural ceremonies … shows a cultural recognition of just how unstable the balance was. In the arid Southwest, the balance had always been particularly delicate, and collapse appears to have come suddenly — not with the onset of global cooling in the 1300s, but after a fifty-year-long local drought struck the Chaco Canyon area after 1130. … All of the major Puebloan and Hohokam urban centers were gradually abandoned in favor of new pueblos … the former, stratified system of smaller supporting villages apparently disappeared in favor of a more egalitarian settlement pattern.”